INTRODUCTION:

Colocasia esculenta (L.) is a worldwide plant that thrives in Africa, Asia, West India, and South America. Plants of antiquity that have existed for a long time have thrived tropical and subtropical climates Colocasia succulent (L.) belongs to the Araceae family. Ethanolic extract of Colocasia esculenta showed antibacterial activity against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, E.coli, Kleibsiella and antifungal activity against C. albicans¹. Taro is a member of the taro family. Taro plants have long been utilized in traditional medicine. According to several research, scarring is caused by the presence of bioactive components in taro leaves with vital elements, including anti-cancer, anti-hyperlipidemia, and anti-melanogenic anti-inflammatory, probiotics, wound healing, Antihypertensives, antioxidants, and antimicrobials are all used.²

The contents of Colocasia esculenta leaves Saponins, flavonoids, tannins, (L.) alkaloids, terpenoids, and steroid hormones participate in the healing process.

Antibiotics or synthetic antimicrobials are currently used to treat infected wounds. Some wound dressings include antibiotics or antiseptics, antimicrobialsl.³ The best material for wound treatment or Other than infection control, a medication must also Protect the regular network and avoid interfering.

Phytochemistry of Leaves:

The pharmacologically energetic lessons of compounds along with flavonoids and triterpenoids are located particularly in extracts of the Colocasia leaf. Vicenin-2, iso-vitexin, iso-vitexin 30 -O-glucoside, vitexin X0 -O-glucoside, iso-orientin, orientin-7-O-glucoside, luteolin 7-O-glucoside are the flavonoids found in the pay attention of the Colocasia leaf. The Colocasia plant leaves also are wealthy in mineral compounds along with CaC₂O₄, minerals (calcium phosphorus) starch, nutrients A, B, C, and so on. The presence of anthocyanins, namely, cyanidin-3-rhamnoside, cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, and pelargonidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside, has been confirmed through phytochemical analyses at the Colocasia concentrates. These anthocyanins have mobileular strengthening sporting activities as obvious from beyond tests.^4-6

Fig.01 Leaves Colocasia esculenta

Anthocyanins are expected to be gift at Colocasia leaves of esculenta flowers are hepatoprotective of lipid Peroxidative. The taro leaves wealthy in protein content (23%) is probably favorably complemented with the excessive carbohydrate contents (87%) observed withinside the tuber a part of the plant as a supply of human food.⁷ The leaves of taro were said to be wealthy in minerals like Ca, P, Fe and vitamins. The excessive stage of nutritional fiber observed withinside the taro leaf.⁸

Taxonomy:

· Botanical name : Colocasia esculenta

· Kingdom : Plantae

· Order : Alismatales

· Family : Araceae

· Sub Family : Aroideae

· Tribe : Colocasiodeae

· Genus : colocasia

· Species : C. esculenta

· Common names : Taro, Kalo, Eddy

o root, wild taro,

o Arvi, Talas.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

1. Collection and authentication:

The leaf of Taro plant family (Araceae) was collected from medicinal garden of Pravara Rural College of Pharmacy, Pravaranagar, Maharashtra. The plant sample was terminologically Identified and Authenticated at the Herbarium of Department of Botany and research Center, P V P College of Arts, Science, and Commerce Loni, Pravaranagar with the Ref. No. PVPC/Bot/2021-22/121-3

2. Extraction of leaves:

Preparation for extracts:

The plant was collected, washed and dried. Then it changed into floor in a grinding system to high-quality powder and handed via a 24-mesh sieve and the extract is weighted and saved at room temperature.

The extraction of whole plant material was done by Soxhlet extraction Method.

Fig.02 Dry extract of Taro Fig.03 Soxhlet Extraction.

Taro leaves were Collected and sliced into little pieces, which were then dried at room temperature and ground into a fine powder before being placed into the Soxhlet apparatus. For three hours, 50 gm of powdered cloth was exposed to ethanolic extraction in 100ml using a Soxhlet apparatus. The solvents were then evaporated under reduced tension at 55-60 degrees Celsius and dried in a vacuum. Vacuum distillation was used to filter the leftovers and convert them to dry masses. To get the semisolid bulk, evaporate the extract.⁹

Formulation of Herbal Ointment:

Formulation Table:

For Ointment Base:

Table No. 1: Ointment Base

Sr. No	Ingredients	Quantity	Uses
1	Hard Paraffin	0.5gm	Stiffening agent
2	Petroleum Jelly	8.5gm	Emollient
3	Lanolin	0.5gm	W/O emulsifier
4	Cetostearyl Alcohol	0.5gm	Improve stability

For Colocasia Ointment

Table No. 2: Colocasia Ointment

Sr.No	Ingredients	Quantity	Uses
1	Colocasia Esculents Extract	1 gm	Antimicrobial
2	Ointment Base	q.s. to 10 gm	Absorption

Procedure:

Preparation of base:

1. Clean all the glassware and dry them properly.

2. Weigh all the ingredients properly.

3. Melt hard paraffin and Cetostearyl alcohol in porcelain dish and kept on water bath.

4. To above molten mixture adds petroleum jelly and stir it well.

5. After melting of all ingredients, stir it continuously until semisolid base is obtained.

Colocasia esculenta ointment by levitation

1. Take 0.5gm Colocasia esculenta Extract and 5gm base.

2. Place both separately on one clean ointment slab.

3. At the center of slab levigate both by using spatula until extract is mixed with base.

4. Transfer required quantity of Herbal ointment in Collapsible tube.

Fig.04 Preparation of Ointment.

Fig.05 Formulation of Colocasia esculenta ointment.

Evaluation Tests:

Colour and Odour:

Physical parameters like Colour and Odour were examined by visual examination.

Consistency:

Ointments are preparations for external use. Typically, they have an oily or greasy consistency and can appear tiff as they are applied to the skin.

P^H:

P^H of prepared herbal ointment was measured by using digital P^H meter. The solution of ointment was prepared by using 100ml of distilled water and set aside for 2hrs.

P^H was determined in triplicate for the solution and average value was calculated.

Spreadability:

The spreadability was determined by placing excess of sample in between two slides which was compressed to uniform thickness by placing a definite weight for definite time. The time required to separate the two slides was measured as spreadability. Lesser the time taken for separation of two slides results better spreadability. Spreadability was calculated by following formula

S = M×L/T

Where,

S = Spreadability

M = Weight tide to the upper slide

L = Length of glass slide

T = Time taken to separate the slides

Extrudability:

The formulation was filled in collapsible tube container. The extrudability was determined in terms of weight of ointment required to extrude 0.5cm of ribbon of ointment in 10 seconds.

Washability:

Formulation was applied on the skin and then ease extend of washing with water was checked.

Non irritancy:

Test Herbal ointment prepared was applied to the skin of human being and observed for the effect.

Stability study:

Physical stability test of the herbal ointment was carried out for four weeks at various temperature conditions like 2℃, 25℃, 37℃. The herbal ointment was found to be physically stable at different temperature i.e., 2℃, 25℃, 37℃. within four weeks.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION:

Parameter	Result
Colour	Yellowish Green
Odour	Characteristic
Consistency	Smooth
P^H	6.78
Spreadability (gm.cm/sec)	8.4
Extrudability	0.25 gm
Washability	Good
Non irritancy Test	Non irritant
Stability	Stable

CONCLUSION:

The motive of the take a look at become to put together antimicrobial natural ointment the usage of Colocasia esculenta plant. On the premise of antimicrobial efficacy, the leaves of Colocasia esculenta plant taken and their ethanolic extracts have been integrated with inside the only ratio in suitable base. The product comfortably unfolds on pores and skin surface, confirmed no irritant effect, subtle properly and become strong at unique temperatures. this ointment of Colocasia esculenta effectively easily use as an antimicrobial simple dosage form.

REFERENCES:

1. Dutta S and Aich B: A study of antibacterial and antifungal activity of the leaves of Colocasia esculenta linn. Int J Pharm Sci Res 2017; 8(3): 1184-87.

2. Patil BR, Ageely HM. Antihepatotoxic Activity of Colocasia esculenta Leaf Juice. Int J Adv Biotechnol Res. 2011; 2(2): 296–304

3. Gonzalez ACDO, Andrade ZDA, Costa TF, Medrado ARAP. Wound healing - A literature review. an Bras Dermatol. 2016; 91(5): 614–20.

4. Sheth AK (2005) The herbs of ayurveda. AK Sheth Publishers, Ahmedabad

5. Noda Y, Kaneyuki T, Mori A, Packer L (2002) Antioxidant activities of pomegranate fruitextract and its anthocyanidins: delphinidin, cyanidin and pelargonidin. J Agric Food Chem 50:166–171

6. Kowalczyk E, Kopff A, Fijalkowski P, Niedworok J, Blaszczyk J et al (2003) Effects of anthocyanins on selected biochemical parameters in rats exposed to cadmium. Acta Biochim Pol 50:543–548

7. Annan NT, Plahar WA Development and Quality Evaluation of a Soy-Fortified Ghanaian Weaning Food. United Nations University Press, Tokyo, (1995).

8. Dubois M, Savage GP, The effect of soaking and cooking on the oxalate content of taro leaves. Int. J. Food Sci. Nut; (2006).

9. Deepak Prashar and Sanjay Saklani. "Pharmaceutical and Economical Aspects of Medicinal Herbs: An Overview". Research J. Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2011; 3(5):187-190.

Received on 03.07.2022 Modified on 29.07.2022

Res. J. Pharmacognosy and Phytochem. 2022; 14(4):277-280.

DOI: 10.52711/0975-4385.2022.00048